Subject:-Horticulture - 2

1.Fruits &  Chromosome number 

Fruits	Chromosome number 2n=
Mango	40
Guava	22
Papaya	18
Banana	22,33,44
Grape	38
Mandarin	18
Sweet Orange	18
Lime/kagzi lime	18
Lemon	18
Grape Fruit	18
Sour Orange	18
Sweet Lime/sweet lemon	18
Pummelo	18
Jackfruit	56
Jamun	40
Litchi	30
Karonda	22
Apple	34
Pomegranate	18
Fig	56
Pear	34

2.Common name of fruit crops

Fruits	Common Name
Mango	King of fruit, bathroom fruit
Banana	Adam’s Fig, Tree of Wisdom, Tree of Paradise, kalpataru, Apple of Paradise
Jack fruit	Monkey fruit
Avocado	Butter fruit
Kivi fruit	China miracle, Wonder of Newzeland
Mangosteen	Queen of fruit
Phalsa	Star apple
Guava	Apple of Tropics
Ber	Poor Man’s fruit, king of Arid fruit, Chinese fig, Chines date
Carambola	Star fruit, Five corner fruit
Apple	King of temperate fruit
Papaya	Melon tree
Coconut	Kalpavriksha
Tea	Queen of Beverage crops
Cocoa	Food of god
Cashew	Dollar earning crop, Plough crop, Gold mine of waste land
Jamun	Indian black berry, Black palm, Java palm
Pecanut	Queen of nuts
Walnut	King of nuts

3.Fruit Classification Based on Salt tolerance 

Tolerant (8 mmhos)	Moderately tolerant (6 to 3 mmhos)	Sensitive(3-1.5 mmhos)
Date palm Pomegrante Ber Phalsa Aonla Custard Apple Khirni Guava	Fig Orange Lemon Mango Grapefruit Grape	Peach Apricot Avocado Almond Plum Apple

4.Fruits & Temperature requirement

Fruits	Temperature requirement
Mango	Average – 26.7°C
Guava	Average – 23-28°C
Papaya	Minimum – 10°C Maximum- 38°C
Banana	23-26°C
Grape	10-29°C
Citrus fruits	25-30°C

5.Fruits & Size of Pit

Fruits	Size of Pit
Mango	90x90x90 cm
Guava	75x75x75 cm
Papaya	45x45x45 cm
Banana	50x50x50 cm
Grape	60x60x60 cm
Citrus fruits	50x50x50 cm

6.Fruits & Suitable Climate

Fruits	Suitable Climate
Mango	Tropical and Sub Tropical
Guava	Tropical and Sub Tropical
Papaya	Tropical
Banana	Tropical, Hot and Humid
Grape	Sub Tropical
Citrus fruits	Tropical

7.

Commercial Propagation and Time
Mango
Method	Veneer Grafting
Time	March- August
Guava
Method	Air layering
Time	Rainy season
Papaya
Method	Seed
Time	(1) July-August (2) Sept- Nov. (3) Nov- Dec.
Banana
Method	Sword Suckers
Time	February -March
Grape
Method	Hard wood stem cutting
Time	January – February
Citrus Fruits
Method	T- budding
Time	February – June

8.Fruits & Their Time of Transplanting

Fruits	Time of Transplanting
Mango	North India :- July- Aug. South India :- July- Dec.
Guava	June- July
Papaya	(1) July- Aug (2)Sept-Oct. (3) Nov – Dec.
Banana	Feb- March
Grape	Jan- Feb
Citrus fruits	July

9.Fruits & Their Time of pruning

Fruits	Time of pruning
Mango	October-December
Guava	September-February
Grape	January-February

10.

Causes of colour/bitterness in fruits/vegetables
Yellow colour in papaya is due to	Caricaxanthin
Redness of apple is due to	Anthocyanin
Red colour in tomato is due to	Lycopine
Red colour in chilli is due to	Capcyanthin
Pungency in chilli is due to	Capsaicin
Orange colour in carrot is due to	Carotene
Red colour in carrot is due to	Anthocyanin
Yellow colour in turmeric is due to	Curcumin
Bitterness in bitter gourd is due to	Memordicocite
Yellow colour of onion is due to	Quercetin
Red colour in onion is due to	Anthocyanin
Pungency in onion is due to	Allyl propyl di-sulphide
Pungency in raphanus is due to	Isocyanate
Pungency in mustard is due to	Glucosilates
Pungency in garlic is due to	Alycine/amino acid
Green colour in potato tuber due to	Solanin
Sour taste of gram leaves is due to	Malicl/oxalic acid
Pungency in pepper is due to	Oleoresin
Pungency in cabbage leaves due to	Sinigrin

11.Major Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

Disease	Deficiency of nutrient
Fruit Cracking in apple	Boron
Internal necrosis of Aonla	Boron
Hen & Chicken disease of grape	Boron
Hollow heart/heart rot of sugar beet	Boron
Fruit cracking of pomegranate	Boron
Necrosis/black tip of mango	Boron
Die back, little leaf & gummosis of citrus	Copper
Browning of cauliflower	Boron
Whip-tail of cauliflower	Molybdenum
Buttoning of cauliflower	Nitrogen
Grey spike of oat/Pahala blight of sugarcane	Manganese
Khaira disease of rice & white bod of maize	Zinc